Vaping has surged in popularity, especially among younger demographics, often perceived as a safer alternative to traditional cigarette smoking. However, emerging evidence suggests that vaping carries its own set of health risks, one of which is the development of “vaper’s tongue.” This condition, characterized by a diminished ability to taste, has raised concerns among health professionals regarding its long-term implications.​

What Is Vaper’s Tongue?

“Vaper’s tongue” refers to a temporary loss or alteration of taste sensations experienced by individuals who vape. Users may find that flavors become muted or entirely tasteless, diminishing the sensory enjoyment of foods and beverages. Factors contributing to this condition include dehydration, overuse of certain flavors leading to desensitization, and the direct impact of vaping on oral tissues

The Underlying Causes

Dr. Pamela Maragliano-Muniz, editor-in-chief of Dental Economics, and Tom Viola, RPh, CCP, a board-certified pharmacist with over three decades of experience, have discussed the potential mechanisms behind vaper’s tongue. Viola explains that the high temperatures produced by vape pens—ranging between 120°C to 150°C—can scald or burn the tongue’s delicate tissues. This thermal injury is particularly concerning for the taste buds located at the back of the tongue, potentially leading to a diminished ability to taste. ​

Additionally, vaping can contribute to xerostomia, commonly known as dry mouth. This condition hampers saliva production, which is essential for distributing food particles around the taste buds, thereby facilitating taste perception. Without adequate saliva, the ability to taste is further compromised.

Potential Long-Term Effects

While vaper’s tongue is generally considered a temporary condition, there is concern about its persistence with continued vaping. Viola notes that cessation of vaping often leads to the resolution of xerostomia and the return of normal taste sensations. However, the addictive nature of vaping makes quitting challenging for many individuals, potentially prolonging the duration of taste disturbances. ​

The Need for Further Research

Despite growing anecdotal reports and clinical observations, scientific research on vaper’s tongue remains limited. Benjamin Chaffee, a professor at the University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, emphasizes the need for more comprehensive studies to understand the prevalence and underlying mechanisms of this condition. He advocates for a cautious approach to vaping, given the many unknowns about its effects on the body.

Broader Implications for Oral Health

Beyond vaper’s tongue, vaping poses additional risks to oral health. Dr. Smita Mehra, Principal Dentist at The Neem Tree Dental Practice, highlights several concerns:​

• Tooth Loss: Chemicals in vapes can adversely affect gums and the bone structure supporting teeth, increasing vulnerability to infections and gum disease.

• Increased Risk of Oral Cancer: Harmful substances in vaping products may damage oral cells, potentially elevating the risk of oral cancer.

• Dry Mouth and Tooth Sensitivity: Vaping can reduce saliva production, leading to dry mouth. This condition impairs the mouth’s ability to neutralize acids and wash away bacteria, resulting in heightened tooth sensitivity and an increased risk of decay. ​

• Bad Breath: The decrease in saliva flow associated with vaping can contribute to halitosis, commonly known as bad breath.

Recommendations for Vapers

For those experiencing symptoms of vaper’s tongue or other oral health issues related to vaping, health professionals recommend the following steps:

1. Reduce or Cease Vaping: Cutting back or quitting vaping can alleviate symptoms and prevent further oral health complications. ​

2. Stay Hydrated: Drinking ample water combats dehydration and promotes saliva production, aiding in the prevention of dry mouth. ​

3. Maintain Oral Hygiene: Regular brushing, flossing, and tongue cleaning can help mitigate some of the adverse effects of vaping on oral health.

4. Consult Healthcare Professionals: Regular dental check-ups can help monitor and address any emerging oral health issues promptly.​

Conclusion

While vaping is often marketed as a safer alternative to smoking, it is not without risks. Conditions like vaper’s tongue underscore the potential for significant oral health issues associated with vaping. As research continues to evolve, it is crucial for individuals to stay informed and exercise caution. Prioritizing oral health through informed choices and preventive care remains essential in mitigating the unforeseen consequences of vaping.